Principles of Assessment in Lifelong Learning Essay

1.1 Analyse how types of assessment are used in lifelong learning: â€Å"Assessments should be a regular process; it might not always be formalised, but you should be observing what your students are doing, asking questions and reviewing their progress throughout their time with you†. Gravells A. Page 113. Has the outcome of my teaching been as expected; was there room for improvement? This can be measured through assessment; there are different ways to carry out this out. Initial Assessment It is my responsibility to do this before a lesson or course is delivered. This will help determine how I will plan for the session so it sets and meets expectations for me the teacher and also the students. This will identify any prior knowledge, the stages the students are at and any special or specific requirements that are needed. Types of initial assessments are: * Tutor observations * One-to-one interviews. This will help me learn if the learner is on the right course and what assignments they must do to complete the course. * Competency tests (maths, ICT and literacy). This will help me see if the students are competent in these skills. If there is any weakness I can then pinpoint those to the right people to help with them improve. * Essay writing. This will show me if the student is competent with their literacy skills. There will be a lot of written work throughout the course. Formative Assessment is an on-going process. These will take place during the lesson. This can take the form of * Quizzes and puzzles. With multiple choice answers will help me to see if the students have learned anything from their previous set of lessons. * Verbal question and answers. This will help me see if the students comprehend the topic. * Journals. Also can be used; to help the student record their feelings about the lessons, what went right and what can be improved on. This will enable me to assess whether I am teaching at the correct level or if I need to adjust my plan and methods. * Observations. I can walk around the room and observe the student’s work while taking anecdotal notes. Summative Assessments are carried out at the end of a course to measure how much has been retained and where necessary can be articulated. This is usually through: * End of year formal tests or exams. To see what they have learnt over the year. * Portfolio: This is a collect ion of the students work throughout the course. 1.2 Analyse how assessment methods are used in lifelong learning: * To identify what prior knowledge a student has, I would create a self-assessment questionnaire that requires specific answers, (tick boxes). I would then build this into my session plan. * Diaries or Learning Journals would be used to document on-going learning from each session. Progress can then be measured and any gaps in teaching or learning can be then addressed. * Simulation would be used to see if students are able to understand instructions and how well they are able to reproduce what they have seen or heard, and how they might use them in everyday life. * Assignments would evaluate how well student are able to research particular subjects then put their findings into words. * Discussions or debates are a good vehicle for assessment when other methods may be difficult to manage. * Peer feedback where fellow students give their comments and ask questions for clarity. 1.3 Evaluate strengths of assessments methods to meet individual leaner needs: * Quizzes and puzzles can be used as an informal way to assess if learning is taking place. However if the purpose is to measure individual learning the questions would need to be varied. The most effective way to do this would be to have the assessment computer generated; this is not always possible if the correct software or facility is not available. * Diaries or learning journals, aid to literacy and language skills. The student would also be able to reflect back on what they have learnt; this will also build their confidence to self-assess. In order for this to work, there needs to be clear aims and objectives so the outcome is properly measured. * A portfolio is a formal way to gather evidence that has been produced over a period of time covering all topics taught on a course. This would need to be checked for things such as plagiarism; if the information used was current and properly referenced. * Role play is another assessment method. The students will be given a scenario from their lesson; they will then have the opportunity to act out what they have understood, linking theory to practice. There needs to be clear explanations given as this can be time consuming and not all students may feel comfortable doing role plays. * Examinations can assess what students have retained. By just recalling information they have learnt or by using ‘open book’ method whereby they refer to notes or reference books. The down side of this is that students may have only been taught what is needed to pass the exam and not retain any of the other theories they may need at a later stage. 2.1 Evaluate how to involve learners in the assessment process: As a teacher I will carry out various methods of assessment. To maintain continuous improvement I will involve my students in the process. Giving my students clear guide lines I can get them to do peer to peer assessments, where they will give written or verbal feedback to each other. This will allow more focus on the subject being taught; encourage communication with each other, and where they may discover some common ground. Sometimes comments coming from a peer can be better received than from the teacher. Checking their own work and progress through self-assessment is useful as this gives an opportunity for students to take a step back and reflect on what their objectives and whether they attained them. I will also conduct one to one tutorials, where we can discuss their objectives, progress and development. This will demonstrate positive and individual inclusion. â€Å"Assessment is a term given to checking that learning has occurred. It may happen at any stage during the learner’s progress through their qualification†. Wilson L. (2009). page112. Assessments are also a tool to motivate and boost the confidence of students. 2.2 Analyse the role of peer and self –assessment in the assessment process: Peer assessments are a good means of confirming and sharing ideas. During our micro-teach sessions I was able to describe my observations and justify how I reached that conclusion. My peers would agree or get me to look at what I had expressed in a different way. We would discuss and come to a consensus. We had to think carefully how to put our thoughts down on paper, so they were constructive and encouraging. Looking at the peer assessment on my own performance for the delivery of a micro-teach session. I was pleased with the feedback. It clearly showed what I am confident in; what I need to improve on and what I should consider for future delivery. Their feedback was encouraging and it has confirmed that I have made the correct decision in what I am want to do career-wise. I found putting into practice what I already know with what I have learnt over the past few weeks very useful. There were some challenges I had when creating my own micro-teach session, this is all part of the learning process for me. As the session I delivered came to an end I had already started to do a mental self- assessment. It was useful to be able to put down my own thoughts on paper as they came to me to know what I need to include going forward. 3.1 Explain the need to keep records of assessment learning: Assessments should be documented so there is some form of evidence as to what has been taught, how the learning is evaluated and was any progress made. Records also serve for the purpose of verification, in relation to audits for quality assurance and regulatory bodies, such as Ofsted. The following are some of the following records that may be kept. * Assessment tracking, this can be used to show development and if the students requirements are being met. * Feedback and action records are used to show that a student has had feedback, what the agreed follow up is, and when it is to be carried out. * Learning styles results will aid with inclusiveness when reviewing or creating new session plans. * Appeal records are where a student has submitted in writing their reasons as to why they disagree with a formal decision that has been made. This can be used at a later date as part of that process. * Enrolment forms to confirm the student’s details are correct, point of contact in the case of an emergency; whether they are permitted to study. What the student signed up for, and are they are on correct course. 3.2 Summarise requirements for keeping records in an organisation: As part of my role I am going to make sure I follow the guide lines that are in place for me to keep records for an organisation, as these are regularly audited and reviewed. This will provide an audit trail of my students learning. Confidentiality must be maintained at all times by any organisation holding personal data to stay in line with the regulatory bodies (Data Protection Act). Records that are kept must be accurate, legible and current. There should be specific rules as to when information is considered obsolete. (This is usually about three years). Students have the right to request their records held about them. (Freedom of Information Act) if they are entering into an appeal process. A backup copy of records must be made whether electronically or paper based so if one is lost there is always a duplicate. â€Å"Consistency. You will always ensure that the methods and the timeliness of your assessments are at a level standard, making certain irrespective of how and when your learners are assessed, the outcomes are constant†. Wilson L. page 274. Bibliography Gravells A. (2012) Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Wilson L. (2009) Practical Teaching A Guide to PTLLS & DTLLS.

Lifestyle Choices and Our Health

As days go by, almost everyone living today gets involved in activities that make us either healthy or unhealthy. Continuing to engage in some habits day in and day out can take a substantial amount of time off of one’s life. Some of these habits can have a positive impact on one’s health system, being it physical or mental, while others can affect one’s health system negatively. In this paper, I will be writing on how our daily habits can affect our mental and physical health negatively. First of all, mechanization and heavy dependence on technology is one of the common ways, probably for all humans, which has a negative effect on the human health system. We rarely give a second thought when we turn on a microwave or turn on the television as we sit down for dinner. These common practices are commonly seen in most families. If I may ask, is it a good practice? I asked one of my instructors at school who made it clear to me that, these families don’t just consume electricity, but also have many adverse effects on their physical and mental health. If you find yourself eating and watching television at the same time, the rate at which you consume is greater which at some point in time becomes very difficult to go to bed at night. And as many of us know, improper sleeping habits cause results in many of our health problems. Secondly, failure to exercise is also another problem many of us face today. Physical activities are absolutely necessary to our overall health. And because our physical and mental health is so interconnected, they affect one another directly. When our physical health deteriorates, our mental health does the same. Our mood and our brain’s mental capabilities are therefore affected by lack of exercise. Regular exercising which helps to maintain and build muscles, and also fight against diseases is very necessary for every human and should be practiced continuously. Thirdly, smoking has also been known to be one of the dangers which affect the human health negatively. Very few people are unaware of the dangers of smoking. Yet surprisingly, many are engaged in this deadly habit. Infertility, low birth weight, sudden infant birth and many more, are some examples of the negative effects that one is likely to contact if he or she has a habit of smoking. Those who quit smoking see changes almost immediately and it also helps them live longer. In conclusion, many of our daily activities can cause our death prematurely. Many of those who don’t die prematurely have a very bad health system which makes them almost uncomfortable every day. I therefore advise everyone to get involved in activities that help to improve one’s physical and mental abilities positively.

Alzheimers Disease - Progressive Neurodegenerative Disease - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1393 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Its very common and accounts for 60-80 percent of the dementia cases in the united states. Alzheimers is caused by the buildup of a type of plaque in the brain. It interrupts the electrical signals between neurons that normally direct thoughts and memories in the brain. The result is that the person slowly becomes more and more forgetful. A certain amount of forgetfulness is normal with aging but those suffering from Alzheimers disease develop far more disrupted thinking patterns. People suffering from AD eventually lose the ability to recognize familiar people, even family memories. Sometimes, in late stages, their personalities change also, they become paranoid, and they become completely unable to take care of themselves. There is no cure for the disease and the medications available only treat the symptoms and show no promise in slowing the progression of this disease. Previous studies on aspirin and heart health showed a link between aspirin and Alzheimers disease. These studies showed that regular use of NSAIDs, including aspirin showed the users had a 20% lesser chance of developing Alzheimers disease. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alzheimers Disease Progressive Neurodegenerative Disease" essay for you Create order Doctors and scientists do not know what exactly causes this disease but they have a pretty good idea. The major issue seems to be a minuscule brain protein fragment called beta-amyloid. This beta amyloid is a small piece of a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP). When APP is turned on to do its normal job, it is cut by other proteins into smaller sections that stay inside and outside cells. when this protein is cut, one of those cut pieces formed is beta-amyloid and when that forms into clumps it produces those dangerous amyloid plaques. Dr. Kalipada Pahan who is a professor of neurological sciences at Rush University, gather a team of professors and decided to use this connection between aspirin and Alzheimers diseases to carry out experiments that would show in depth how exactly did the aspirin help with the disease. Dr. Pahan felt that developing drugs that can reduce the amount of beta amyloid, which can in turn form amyloid plaques, is an important area of resea rch because these plaques are one of the pathological indications of this disease. Dr.Pahan and his team developed an experiment that entailed giving aspirin to mice with a mouse version of AD. He and his team genetically modified mice so that they had symptoms that resembled AD and so that they resembled the brain pathology of Alzheimers patients. They also measured the amount of beta-amyloid that built up in the brains of the mice. Dr.Pahan and his team gave aspirin to the mice by mouth for about a month then took note of how much of amyloid plaque built up in the parts of the brain affected most by Alzheimers disease. The study revealed that aspirin stimulates the waste-clearing lysosomes and reduces pathological plaque in mice. Lysosomes are supposed to be the waste deposit center for the cell. They are the bad protein clean up system inside all animals that consist of cells that capture and internalize bad proteins. The lysosomes are the components of these cells that break down the captured proteins. In the brain these lysosomes apparently lack the ability to properly do their jobs in patients of AD. Scientist assumed that these lysosomes were degrading the beta amyloid protein before it could turn into amyloid plaques but thats not the case. These lysosomes that accumulate around the plaques are uncommonly embellished wi th beta secretase. This beta secretase is the enzyme that starts the production of the beta amyloid. These nonfunctional lysosomes cannot break down the beta amyloid so the ability to increase lysosomal clearance in the brain of AD patients has come about as a very promising strategy in slowing the progression of this disease. The experiment also revealed that aspirin intake upregulated a protein called TFEB. TFEB is transcription factor EB and it is known as a key player in lysosomal biogenesis. A transcription factor is a protein that will bind to specific parts of the DNA as either and inducer or a repressor. Transcription factor EB exhibited activity that shows how its able to bond to the promoter region of autophagy genes and activate autophagosome biogenesis. The over expression of TFEB has been shown to provide positive effects in many mouse models more recently the mouse models of the most familiar genetic explanation of liver disease, the ? ±1-antitrypsin deficiency. TFEB upregulation has also been proven to reduce obesity and metabolic syndrome therefore upregulation of intracellular removal by TFEB has also been proven to be beneficial in multiple mice models. Aspirin is a commonly used medication and thru multiple test it was shown to upregulate TFEB and boost lysosomal biogenesis in brain cells. The aspirin was also shown to bring about the activation of PPAR? ± encourage the transcription of TFEB in a PPAR? ± fashion. PPAR? ± stands for peroxisome prolif erator-activated receptor ? ±. What PPAR? ± does is when activated, it functions as a ligand-activated TF to regulate the many biological processes that occur within the body. In the 1960s scientist treated a model of rats with Clofibrate, which is now used for controlling the high cholesterol level in the blood, and the outcome of this is that it showed for the first time that the Clofibrate induced peroxisome proliferation in the rats. A while after PPAR? ± was shown to control and help regulate the expression of genes involved in regulating homeostasis, immune response, cell growth and differentiation and many other functions. In the mice model for AD, PPAR? ± was proven to master regulators of metabolism which is why it is important when it comes to developing medications and treatments that can help slow the progression of Alzheimers in the elderly. Materials and Methods 7 month old male and female mice were given low dose aspirin (2 mg/kg body weight/ day) for 30days. The Mice were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine then half of the brain from each mouse was dissected so assays can be performed on them. the brains were incubated in 4% paraformaldehyde then they were incubated in 30% sucrose overnight at 4 degrees Celsius. They were then rinsed with cold ethanol then rinsed with phosphatebuffered saline 3 times. The brains were then incubated then inspected under a fluorescent microscope. To observe the DNA-binding activity of PPAR? ±, it was analyzed using a non-radioactive electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The cells were then washed with phosphatebuffered saline the placed into tubes to go into the centrifuge for 5 minutes. They then took the supernatant and placed it in lysis buffer and ran it thru the centrifuge again. After that they took the supernatant put it in a high salt buffer then placed it in the centrifuge for 15 minutes. They then placed it on a polyacrylamide gel for 2 hours then observed it under the Odyssey Infrared Imaging System. Results It was proven that aspirin was able to increase the lysosomes in the brain and this was further proven by using an Electron microscopy which showed the different stages of autophagic vesicles in aspirin-treated astrocytes. They then wanted to know if aspirin could alter TFEB. TFEB was increased after the first treatment with the aspirin. The western blot showed larger quantities of TFEB with the different doses of aspirin. The largest increase in TFEB was shown 12 hours after the aspirin treatment was done. Majority of the TFEB activity was found in the cells surrounding the nucleus in cells compared to the control group. these results of this study showed that the aspirin activated lysosomal biogenesis by upregulating the TFEB regulator. They discovered that when PPAR? ± is present, the aspirin binds to it and triggers a domino effect causing increased nerve cell interactions in the hippocampus which is a place in the brain were memories are formed. The mice were showed to have an increased ability to learn their way thru mazes after the aspirin was administered. Even though this study has shown positives effects from the use of aspirin on the brain of the genetically modified mice, aspirin should not be used as a way to treat AD because all of the side effects are not known and its not specifically proven to help with AD. For aspirin to even help with lysosomal production the receptor for PPAR? ± need to be present in the patient. If it is not there in great numbers then the patie nt wont benefit from the aspirin at all.

Hamlet Allusions - 1079 Words

Jake Nevins 3/15/13 English foundations honors 2 Mrs. Muratori Research paper hamlet INTRO Hamlet is a tragedy by William Shakespeare where the main character, Hamlet, Thesis: In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet mythological and biblical allusions informs us of Hamlet’s inevitable fall. Throughout the play, Hamlet uses many mythological allusions to show his feelings towards other characters such as Claudius, Gertrude and the old king as well as inform us of his â€Å"fall†. After Queen Gertrude is re-married to Claudius, Hamlet shows his feelings when he compares the late King Hamlet to Claudius. Hamlet tells his mother, So excellent a king, that was to this / Hyperion to a satyr. (Ham. I ii 139-40). This†¦show more content†¦Hamlet uses Hecuba to exaggerate the difference between the queen in the play who is full of grief and sorrow, and Queen Gertrude who has remarried quickly and shows little to no emotion for the death of her first husband. Another example occurs during Hamlets soliloquy when he imagines his mother, Like Niobe, all tears (Ham. I. ii. 151). Hamlet not only wishes his mother would mourn and take revenge, but he also implies responsibility for his fathers death. In Greek mythology, Niobe boasted she had many children and as a resul t, the gods came down and murdered her children. Painters and sculptures have portrayed Niobe as a crying woman because of her guilt she felt knowing she caused her children to die. The fact that Hamlet uses these comparisons suggests his mother is undoubtedly responsible for his fathers death. Finish and relate to thesis Hamlet also compares himself to the demi god Hercules in Act 1 scene 2: My fathers brother- but no more like my father/ Than I to Hercules (I, ii, 152-153). This mythological allusion is important because Hamlet is comparing himself to Hercules who is known as a strong warrior and earned a place on Mount Olympus with the gods. Hamlet is saying that his uncle is very much different than his father, like Hamlet is very much different than Hercules. Hercules is seen as a superhero of Greek mythology, which is a great difference of Hamlet because Hamlet is in no way seen as a superhero or someone to look up to. HamletShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Summer People 1278 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone that you trusted? â€Å"The Summer People†, a fairy tale short story written by the author Kelly Link, portrayed the characters in a way that be can be greatly related. Throughout the story, she used several literary elements, such as symbols, allusions, and dictions to help the readers to understand the moral of the story. The main character, Fran, was bonded with the faith to be the caretaker of the summer people, and there is no possible way that she can escape from them. Despite the kindnessRead MoreThe Summer People By Kelly Link1293 Words   |  6 Pagestrusted? â€Å"The Summer People†, a fairy tale short story written by the author Kelly Link, portrayed the characters in a way that be can be greatly related. Throughout the story, she often used several literary elements, such as symbols, setting, allusions, etc., to help the readers to understand the moral of the story. The main character, Fran, was bonded with the faith to be the caretaker of the summer people, and there is no possible way that she can escape from them. Despite the kindness of herRead More The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock - Imagery, Literary Allusion, Structure1070 Words   |  5 Pagespart of this woman’s –whom he loves- life, but he cannot bring himself to the c omplete the act, to say â€Å"I love you.† The poem itself consists of all of the reasons, going through Alfred’s head, why he should not profess his love. 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Social Justice Or Injustice Domestic Violence - 1489 Words

Social Justice or Injustice Domestic violence (DV) has and continues to affect millions of, women, men, children and the elderly every day. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, defines Domestic violence as, â€Å"hurtful, repeated and intentional behavior that one person uses to maintain power and control over another in an intimate relationship.† (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.) Abuse impacts many individuals from various backgrounds. Abuse comes in many forms, verbal, emotional, physical, sexual and, covers a wide range of tactics to establish and maintain power and control. A predominant form of DV is Intimate Partner Violence is also known as (IPV,) which affects millions of people every year, primarily women†¦show more content†¦What I have learned in this process is that each victims process of understanding and dealing with domestic violence is different. There is no formula to can accurately tell you how to react, feel, describe, process what happens to you in that moment and what to do after. After talking to a few women and a man, what I was able to gather from my understanding is that there is the moment that takes place where the act of abuse happens, silence and then an apology. Granted I do not know or believe that this is a case for every victim, but based on the conversations I had with three victims these are commonalities is found. While I listened to their stories of events that took place, I found myself shaking my head, saying â€Å"oh my god† at one point I even asked a person if you were okay; She laughed and said â€Å"yea that was a long time ago.† For the victims, these events may have happened a while back but in that moment the actions the emotions were fresh to me. Having these conversations triggered my feeling sadness, hurt, sacred and disgusted, but at the end I also felt happy and relieved. I went into this experience hoping that I would not be judgmental and remain un derstandable. I would consider myself to be a person who may â€Å"know what I would do in a situation if it happened to me† without having it happening to me or having a direct tie to it. Being aware that may me a possible bias and hoping thatShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : The Horrific Effects Of Abuse1464 Words   |  6 PagesDOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The Horrifying Effects of Abuse â€Å"To those who abuse: the sin yours, the crime is yours, and the shame is yours. To those who protect the perpetrators: blaming the victims only masks the evil within, making you as guilty as those who abuse. Stand up for the innocent or go down with the rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are the words of an individual who sees too clearly the injustice which comes with domestic violence toward women. 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The philosophy behind the practice is the community, victim, and offender coming together as one was needed to restore order and all move forward in a positiveRead MoreHow Domestic Violence Affects Children As Well As The Mental Health Of Its Victims1744 Words   |  7 PagesWhitney M. Young Jr School of Social Work LaShoney Frink Review of Literature The purpose of this literature is to deliver an extensive overview of the research topic. This chapter will provide a historical background on domestic violence, a historical perspective of the services provided and an overview of different forms of domestic violence. The goal of this literature review is to examine the statistical information that is presented as it relates to domestic violence. This literature review

Essay on farts Example For Students

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Labor Market Research for Nurses in the State of California

Table of Contents Factors Influencing the Supply and Demand of Nurses How Nurses Pay is Determined and Structured Towards Increasing the Supply of Nurses Reference List The healthcare system in the U.S. is largely dependent on the number of health professionals available in public and private healthcare facilities across the country. Nurses are at the core of the healthcare system by virtue of their role in the doctor-patient relationship, and hence their availability is fundamental if the country is to uphold an effective, competent, and efficient healthcare system (Rickles, n.d.).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Market Research for Nurses in the State of California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it has not been easy for many states to maintain the required number of nurses in their health facilities judging by the vastness of the healthcare sector and high level of specialization witnessed in the industry. This paper aims to use the article by Rickles et al (n.d.) titled ‘California Policy Options: Supplying California’s needs for Nurses’ to evaluate the labor market for nurses in California state. Factors Influencing the Supply and Demand of Nurses The demand and supply of nurses is influenced by a multiplicity of factors judging by their relative importance to the healthcare system. Indeed, analysts are of the opinion that the U.S. is not anywhere near satisfying the demand for more nurses, and a time when the supply of nurses will effectively deal with the demand can never be imagined as of yet (Rickles, n.d.). California’s shortage of qualified nurses is among the most relentless in the U.S. as many of the state’s health institutions experience great difficulty in the process of recruiting and retaining qualified nursing personnel (Rickles et al, n.d.). By 2005, California had an estimated 200,000 registered nurses, with credible projections suggesting that the state’s demand for registered nurses will stand at 300,000 by 2010 and 458,733 by 2030 (Rickles et al, n.d; Hausellberg, 2010). The above scenario can be attributed to a variety of factors that influence the dynamics of supply and demand of the nurses in the state. On the demand side, it can be safely argued that the demand for nurses in California has sharply risen in the past and will continue to steadily grow in the future due to the population’s ever rising demand for healthcare (Rickles et al, n.d.). The trend is that individuals residing in California are increasingly utilizing hospital facilities, with around 4 million patients being released from hospitals in 2003, a 7% increase from the figures recorded in 1998.Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The total population of California has also expanded by at least 8% between 1998 and 200 3, and is projected to continue expanding in the future. Still, California’s elderly population is increasing by the day, impacting heavily on the demand of nurses since the elderly requires more medical attention than any other age-category. Other influences on the demand side include the reimbursement approaches employed by health insurance plans, federal regulations on nurse staffing ratios to meet the required nurse-to-patient ratios, aging of the Registered Nurse work force, natural attrition, and personal wealth (Rickles et al, n.d.). Influences that determine the supply of nurses into health facilities based in California seems so much constrained to meet the ever rising demand. The supply of nurses in California is mainly influenced by the duration of the nursing educational program, new graduates, input of retired nurses who may wish to return to active employment, external recruitment of nurses from other states, licensing requirements for new nurses, and sourcing o f nurses from other countries (Rickles et al, n.d.). Supply of nurses is also determined by the number of students nurturing an ambition or interest to train in nursing. Rickles et al (n.d.) posits that â€Å"†¦for the first part of the 20th century, licensed nursing was one of a few occupations widely open to women†¦As career opportunities expanded for women in the second half of that century, however, nursing had to compete with other attractive professions for new entrants† (p. 105). It is therefore prudent to argue that the enhanced labor market prospects for women have worked to diminish the supply of nurses. Lastly, the supply of nurses in California has been given a lifeline owing to the relaxation of some U.S. immigration regulations. How Nurses Pay is Determined and Structured The pay for nurses must be determined based on the local labor situation and the forces of supply and demand (Clanton, 2009). When a health facility faces a shortage of nurses as it i s the case in California, the net effect on the market equilibrium in competitive market situations would be an increase in nurses’ pay. Other factors that may influence the market equilibrium and hence determine the nurses pay include costs of living prevailing in the state, consumer price index (CPI), and fluctuations in the purchasing power of the American dollar (Rickles et al n.d.).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Market Research for Nurses in the State of California specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, federal regulations such as the nurse-to-patient ratios are likely to increase the nurses’ pay as states fight to attract more nurses to keep up with the set legislations. Lastly, the professional bodies representing the nurses may play a fundamental role in determining their pay. The pay structure for nurses in the state is determined by a number of factors, namely the level of education and experience, position in the labor force, duration of service, level of specialty, nationality, and station of duty (Rickles, n.d.). Towards Increasing the Supply of Nurses The concerned stakeholders need to offer more monetary and non-monetary incentives to attract more nurses and trigger more students to enroll in nursing schools. The federal government of California should step in to guide the labor market for nurses by offering more funds to schools for training purposes aimed at boosting supply. To further enhance supply, the central and federal governments should further relax immigration restrictions for qualified nurses from other countries to join the labor market (Rickles, n.d.). The retired nurses who have the capacity to continue in the service should be encouraged to apply through offering incentives such as bonuses and flexible working hours. Lastly, the government should chip in and assist the health facilities meet the escalating labor costs associated w ith enhancing the nurse-to patient ratio as per the regulations put in place (Clanton, 2009) Reference List Clanton, S. (2009). Nursing: Labor Market Research. Web. Rickles, J., Ong, P.M., Spetz, J. (n.d.). California policy options. Supplying California’s needs for Nurses. Web. Hausellberg, W. (2010). Registered nurses in California looking at a glowing demand. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on labor law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Labor Market Research for Nurses in the State of California was written and submitted by user Orion N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.